Development Of Prototype Research Articles

PENGEMBANGAN INOVASI PRODUK KOMPOSIT MODUL SEKAT KANAL BERBAHAN BAKU SERAT SABUT KELAPA UNTUK PENERAPAN PENYEKATAN KANAL PADA LAHAN GAMBUT

Peatlands in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, are an important ecosystem but are vulnerable to degradation caused by human activities. To overcome this problem, this research introduces a product innovation in the form of a canal-blocking module made from coconut fiber composite for the implementation of sustainable canal straightening. The study involved a series of methodological steps that included a literature study, prototype development, laboratory testing, and field case studies. The research results show that composite canal-blocking modules have significant potential to reduce land subsidence, increase land productivity, and improve the hydrological balance in peatlands. In addition to significant economic benefits for local communities, implementation of this module also has positive impacts on the environment, including habitat protection and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. These findings have important implications for policy-making and planning for peatland management in West Kalimantan, emphasizing the importance of sustainable solutions and community participation in overcoming the challenges faced by this ecosystem. This research highlights the potential for innovative canal block module composite products made from coconut fiber as an important step in efforts to strengthen peatland management in West Kalimantan. The next step is to encourage wider adoption and implementation of these solutions while pursuing further research to deepen our understanding of sustainable peatland management.

Bioinspired integrated triboelectric electronic tongue

An electronic tongue (E-tongue) comprises a series of sensors that simulate human perception of taste and embedded artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis and recognition. Traditional E-tongues based on electrochemical methods suffer from a bulky size and require larger sample volumes and extra power sources, limiting their applications in in vivo medical diagnosis and analytical chemistry. Inspired by the mechanics of the human tongue, triboelectric components have been incorporated into E-tongue platforms to overcome these limitations. In this study, an integrated multichannel triboelectric bioinspired E-tongue (TBIET) device was developed on a single glass slide chip to improve the device’s taste classification accuracy by utilizing numerous sensory signals. The detection capability of the TBIET was further validated using various test samples, including representative human body, environmental, and beverage samples. The TBIET achieved a remarkably high classification accuracy. For instance, chemical solutions showed 100% identification accuracy, environmental samples reached 98.3% accuracy, and four typical teas demonstrated 97.0% accuracy. Additionally, the classification accuracy of NaCl solutions with five different concentrations reached 96.9%. The innovative TBIET exhibits a remarkable capacity to detect and analyze droplets with ultrahigh sensitivity to their electrical properties. Moreover, it offers a high degree of reliability in accurately detecting and analyzing various liquid samples within a short timeframe. The development of a self-powered portable triboelectric E-tongue prototype is a notable advancement in the field and is one that can greatly enhance the feasibility of rapid on-site detection of liquid samples in various settings.

Intelligent Environment using Extended Reality and Machine Learning to Improve Healthcare

Intelligent Environments (IEs) represent a paradigm shift in the way we interact with our surroundings, leveraging Ambient Intelligence (AmI) to create responsive and adaptive spaces that seamlessly integrate technology into the built environment. By harnessing sensors, actuators, and artificial intelligence, IEs have the potential to enhance human experience, improve efficiency, and promote sustainability across various domains, including smart homes, workplaces, cities, and healthcare facilities. This paper provides an overview of IE concepts, discusses key technologies and applications, explores design considerations, and outlines future directions for research and development in this dynamic field. This paper focuses on the study of the potential use of Extended Reality technologies in order to promote Green Health as well as their use in Smart Hospitals, one of the variants of Smart Environments, incorporating Machine Learning and Computer Vision, as a tool to support and improve healthcare, both from the point of view of the health professional and the patient, through a literature review and analysis of the current situation. Resulting in the elaboration of a conceptual model with the suggestion of technologies that can be used to achieve this scenario selected for their potential, and then the development of prototypes of parts of the conceptual model for Extended Reality Headsets as concept validation.

Probiotic orange Bacillus‐infused jelly candies: development and effect on food borne, oral pathogen and commercial probiotics

SummaryThis research presents a novel approach to develop pigmented probiotic jelly candies by incorporating an orange pigment‐producing Bacillus 63‐11 strain, encapsulated with surface maltodextrin (MDs) or internal coating maltodextrin (MDi) or sodium alginate (SA). The study evaluated the impact of different coating methods on probiotic activities, antagonistic effects, physical properties and consumer acceptance. Results indicated that coating methods did not compromise the probiotic and antagonistic properties of the Bacillus 63‐11 strain. Over a 6‐month period, all coating methods exhibited increased water activity with minimal microbiological changes. MD‐coated candies demonstrated optimal probiotic viability, tolerance and sensory appeal, emphasising colour preferences. SA‐coated candies exhibited lower viability but superior texture. This study demonstrated the successful development of an unconventional jelly candy prototype with implications for commercialisation. The findings underscore the pivotal role of coating material and method in influencing crucial aspects of the candy, offering valuable insights for the market potential of such innovative products.

Development and experimental study of a small-scale adsorption cold storage prototype with stable and tunable output for off-grid cooling

Comfort cooling is a growing demand in summer outdoor activities and work. Adsorption cold storage (ACS) can achieve long-term cold storage without insulation measures and release cold without requiring electricity input. However, the challenges, including unstable cooling output and huge volume, hinder its wide applications. In this study, a small-scale silica gel-water ACS prototype for off-grid cooling is developed and experimentally investigated under typical summer conditions. The heat pipe structure is employed in the adsorption bed for heat transfer enhancement and volume reduction. Valve opening control is utilized for cooling output stabilization and adjustment. The experimental results show that the prototype achieves 6.36 hours of cooling output with the outlet air temperature of 25°C and the average cooling power of 107.67 W under the environment conditions of 35°C and 40% RH, indicating an effective cold storage capacity of 685 Wh and an operating efficiency of 0.30. Furthermore, the stable output air temperature can be flexibly adjusted from 19°C to 27°C while maintaining the inlet air temperature at 35°C during the discharging process. Notably, the charging environment temperature shows a minimal influence on the cooling output performance. The prototype’s design is novel and applicable for portable cooling in outdoor off-grid scenarios.

Prototype Development of Bridge Approach Model with Precast Concrete-cell Box Structure to Overcome Differential Settlement

Prototype Development of Bridge Approach Model with Precast Concrete-cell Box Structure to Overcome Differential Settlement

Development and Safety Trial of the OstreaVent2™ Prototype for Mechanically Ventilated Adult Patients

Background. With the surge of COVID-19 infections, there were concerns about shortage of mechanical ventilator in several countries including the Philippines. Objective. To transform a locally made, low-cost, neonatal ventilator into a volume- and pressure-controlled, adult ventilator and to determine its safe use among ventilated, adult patients at the Philippine General Hospital. Methods. The modification of the neonatal ventilator (OstreaVent1) to the adult OstreaVent2 was based on the critical need for adult ventilators, in volume or pressure mode, in the Philippines due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The adult ventilator settings were calibrated and tested for two days to check for consistency and tolerance and then submitted to a third party for certification. Once certified, a safety trial of 10 stable adult patients on mechanical ventilator was conducted. The patients were placed on the OstreaVent2 for four hours while ventilator parameters, patient’s vital signs, and arterial blood gases were monitored at baseline, during, and after placement on the OstreaVent2. A poststudy chest radiograph was also done to rule out pulmonary complications, particularly atelectasis and pneumothorax. Results. The prototype OstreaVent2 received an FDA Certification for Medical Listing after passing its thirdpartycertification. Ten patients (60% male) recruited in the study had a mean age of 39.1 ± 11.6 years. Half of thepatients had a diagnosis of non-COVID-19 pneumonia. During the 4-hour study period, the patients while onthe OstreaVent2, had stable ventilator settings and most of the variabilities were within the acceptable tolerances. Vital signs were stable and arterial blood gases were within normal limits. One patient developed alar flaring which was relieved by endotracheal tube suctioning. No patient was withdrawn from the study. One patient who was already transferred out of the ICU subsequently deteriorated and died three days after transfer to the stepdown unit from a non-ventilator related cause. Conclusion. The new OstreaVent2 is safe to use among adults who need ventilator support. Variabilities inthe ventilator’s performance were within acceptable tolerances. Clinical and blood gas measurements of thepatients were stable while on the ventilator.

ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN ENHANCING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN MANUFACTURING MEDICAL DEVICES

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in enhancing operational efficiency in manufacturing medical devices by revolutionizing various aspects of the production process. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies within the manufacturing processes of medical devices has significantly transformed operational efficiency. This abstract delves into the pivotal role of AI in optimizing various aspects of manufacturing medical devices, ranging from design and production to quality control and maintenance. AI-driven design methodologies enable the creation of complex medical devices with enhanced functionality and precision. Machine learning algorithms assist in analysing vast datasets related to materials, performance metrics, and user feedback, facilitating the development of innovative device prototypes. In manufacturing, AI optimizes production workflows by predicting demand, managing inventory, and automating assembly processes. Predictive maintenance powered by AI ensures the continuous functionality of manufacturing equipment, reducing downtime and operational costs. Quality control is strengthened through AI-enabled inspection systems that can detect microscopic defects and ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards. Real-time monitoring of manufacturing processes using AI-driven analytics enhances product consistency and minimizes errors. Furthermore, AI enhances supply chain management by optimizing logistics, procurement, and supplier selection processes, ensuring timely delivery of components and materials essential for medical device manufacturing.AI-driven technologies revolutionize medical device manufacturing through enhanced quality control, predictive maintenance, process optimization, supply chain efficiency, regulatory compliance, customization, cost reduction, and data-driven decision support, optimizing reliability and efficiency while ensuring regulatory standards.

Design and Development of Agri-bot for Autonomous Seed Sowing and Harvesting

Abstract: This research delves into the development of an Autonomous Agriculture Robot (AAR) capable of performing seed sowing and harvesting operations. The AAR operates in two distinct modes: seed sowing and harvesting, leveraging advanced sensors and a control system to automate these critical agricultural processes. The AAR is engineered with dual operational modes, facilitated by an encoder system for precise autonomous navigation, servo actuation for operational control, and a Battery Management System (BMS) for efficient power usage. This paper details the design and development of a hardware prototype that presents the integration of these technologies. Validation results demonstrate the AAR’s capability to autonomously navigate and perform the defined tasks. The implementation of the AAR prototype signifies a pivotal step towards automating manual agricultural processes, potentially transforming the agricultural landscape by reducing labour requirements and increasing efficiency.

Design and Development of Prototype of Robo-AGV for Pick and Place Operation

Design and Development of Prototype of Robo-AGV for Pick and Place Operation

Разработка и исследование имитационной модели мультикамерного разрядника для грозозащитного троса

Optical fiber overhead ground wire (OPGW) is an effective solution for laying mainline digital communications along high-voltage power lines. It allows you to use the existing infrastructure of the power grid and ensure the transfer of a large amount of data. The flow of lightning currents and short-circuit currents can cause a violation of the thermal resistance of the fiber and a deterioration of its performance. When the OPGW is insulated through an insulator shunted by a spark gap, during operation it is possible to change the distance in the discharge gap due to the displacement of the electrodes in the plane. Also, when the short circuit location is close, multiple overlaps will occur and as a result, short circuit current will flow through the OPGW. Thus, the article considers the possibility to use a device with a multielectrode system developed on the principle of a multichamber spark gap as a replacement of the spark gap to increase the reliability of the unit with an isolated OPGW suspension. Modeling of the device has been carried out in the ANSYS Maxwell software package, the mathematical apparatus of which is based on the use of Maxwell's differential equations and the finite element method, which allows performing numerical modeling with sufficiently high accuracy. A simulation model of a multichamber spark gap has been developed in the ANSYS Maxwell software package and calculations of electrical characteristics have been performed. For the electrode system of a multi-chamber arrester, an uneven distribution of the applied voltage across the spark discharge gaps of the chambers is determined. It is shown that when a voltage is applied to a spark gap, the highest electric field strength occurs between the first and second electrodes, and then a cascade of discharge gaps occurs, which provides the required low discharge voltages of the spark gap as a whole. The developed simplified simulation model of a multi-chamber arrester has shown all the necessary conditions for cascade imaging of the voltage distribution and the electric-field strength of various electrode options. Based on the research conducted electrodes geometry is identified for smart prototype development and ongoing multi-chamber arrester research.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) BASED FLOOD EARLY WARNING TOOLS

This research is research and development (R&D) using a prototype development model. This research aims to develop an early flood warning system using the Telegram application as an early sender of information, if the water level has reached a predetermined limit. Test results: In terms of Functionality and Usability, the results of the functionality feasibility percentage were 100% and as many as 20 respondents or 100% assessed that the tool developed based on the Usability context was at 100% in the very good category. The detection speed test results show that the detection speed on the device is around 2-3 s and the speed of sending information on Oled is around 2-3 s and the speed of sending information to Telegram is 2-3 s.

CONSUMER INFORMATION SYSTEM IN WEB-BASED COOPERATIVES: CASE STUDY OF DIRA JAYA SINAR RESKI COOPERATIVE

This study aims to determine the results of the development of consumer information systems at the Dira Jaya Sinar Reski cooperative as well as find out user responses to the system to be developed. This research uses the type of R&D (Research and development) research and prototype development model that uses data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the research, a Web-Based Consumer Information System was developed at the Dira Jaya Sinar Reski Cooperative which has been tested using ISO 25010 testing using 8 aspects of testing that have been validated by content experts. The final result of the overall assessment is that the Consumer Information System at the Web-Based Dira Jaya Sinar Reski Cooperative was declared valid by the validator lecturers, and declared effective based on functional suitability aspects, and declared practical based on user responses that have been tested from the usability aspect.

Smart and Resilient Mobility Services Platform for Managing Traffic Disruptive Events

This article aims to develop a smart mobility solution to enhance the travel experience of individuals facing traffic disruptive events. Unlike prior research focusing on isolated solutions for managing these events, this study takes a holistic approach combining real-time monitoring, predictive modeling, route guidance, and effective communication to create efficient traffic disruption management. The study introduces the Smart and Resilient Mobility Services Platform (SRMS), specifically designed to address mobility restrictions as a form of disruptive events in the Palestinian territories, West Bank. SRMS empowers users to make well-informed decisions by providing services such as real-time mapping of mobility restrictions, a prompt notification system, informal route mapping, and alternative path suggestions. Moreover, it aims to enhance engagement among travelers and citizens by adopting spatial crowdsourcing as the primary data source for potential restrictions and embracing the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach to enrich users’ interaction with the developed solution. The methodology involves presenting the architectural layering system of the SRMS platform, and detailing the prototyping and design development considering the UCD approach. Results present the practical implementation of the SRMS tailored to the Palestinian context and adopted UCD.

A vibrating membrane ejector for direct ink writing of printed electronics

Abstract Direct ink writing (DIW) represents a technical branch of additive manufacturing technology, particularly suitable for prototyping or small-batch printing production of printed electronic components. However, the existing print heads required for near or sub-100 μm line width are quite sophisticated, limiting the accessibility and application of the DIW method. This paper reports the use of the vibrating membrane ejector (VME) as a new option for the print head of DIW. The structure of the VME-based print head was specially designed for this purpose. Finite element modeling of the VME’s vibration characteristics was performed to provide insights into the ejection condition and behaviors. The factors influencing the size of printed structures were identified and analyzed through the printing of a metal-organic complex silver (Ag) ink. After optimizing several operational parameters to limit the spreading effects and suppress the satellite droplets, the DIW printed line width has reached about 100 μm. The effectiveness of the VME-based print head was further demonstrated through the DIW fabrication of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) and microstrip transmission lines. This highlights the versatility of the VME-based print head as a practical tool for device prototyping and ink development in the field of printed electronics.

Analyzing Lower Limb Dynamics in Human Gait Using Average Value-Based Technique

The motivation of this study is to develop effective and economical assistive technologies for people with physical disabilities. The novelty in this manuscript is the application of the average value-based technique to accurately represent the involved biomechanics of the lower limb joints during the human gait cycle. This mathematical formulation of lower limb joints’ biomechanics forms the first objective for modeling and final exoskeleton prototype development. To account for modeling the characteristics of human locomotion, the nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients is considered with appropriate modification. The physical characteristics of an individual are represented by the constant coefficients (P0, P1, P2, and P3) of the modified infinite series, which are obtained by processing experimental data collected using an optical technique. The differential terms of the infinite series are replaced by difference terms (δbavg, δ2bavg, and δ3bavg) since the data were captured as a set of digital values. The work presented here is based on the experimental results of individuals suitably categorized according to their physical nature like age and other physical structure. The optically monitored positional values of the lower limb joints of the individual subjects while they are completing the gait cycles are used for getting values of different terms of the model. The data collected through the conduct of experiments are used for finding the values of the terms of the differential equation. The model is effectively validated through experimental results. It was determined that the representation’s accuracy fell within the ±5% acceptable tolerance limit. The model is prepared for healthy as well as disabled persons, through which the disability is quantified. The resulting model can be used to develop assistive devices for people with physical disabilities. This results in the rehabilitation process and thereby helps the reintegration into society, subsequently allowing them to lead a normal life.

P080 Supporting shared decision-making about osteoporosis medicines: Combining multiple methods to develop the prototype iFraP intervention

Abstract Background/Aims Shared decision-making (SDM) is a joint process in which a person and healthcare professional work together to reach decisions about care. The iFraP (Improving uptake of Fracture Prevention drug treatments) intervention comprises computerised decision aid (DA), Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) clinician training package, and information resources to support SDM about osteoporosis medicines. This abstract details our multi-method approach to develop this intervention. Methods Intervention development was underpinned by the Medical Research Council guidelines for development of complex interventions. Four studies guided intervention prototype development, including (1) an evidence synthesis of existing osteoporosis DAs to examine quality and effectiveness; (2) a review of patient information about osteoporosis to evaluate quality and optimal language for talking about osteoporosis; (3) a Delphi consensus survey with patients, carers, and health professionals to gain consensus on intervention content, informed by an evidence review of relevant clinical guidelines and behavioural theories; (4) and focus groups and interviews with patients recently attending FLS, FLS clinicians and general practitioners (GPs) to explore current FLS practice, and barriers and facilitators to change. Expert stakeholders and public contributors informed each sub-study. Results Studies one and two informed design of the iFraP computerised DA. Evidence reviews of existing osteoporosis DAs and patient information found that they did not meet patient needs and identified poor readability, variable quality, and unbalanced and confusing content. Public contributors preferred DAs which were individualised, and together with expert stakeholders, supported the development of understandable explanations of osteoporosis and osteoporosis medicines to include in iFraP resources. Study three identified essential components of the FLS consultation which directly informed DA content. Study four identified the need for complementary iFraP information resources, training, and potential barriers to iFraP DA use. Patients expressed that they did not feel adequately prepared for their FLS consultation, leading to the development of an enhanced leaflet to accompany their FLS appointment letter. Patients, FLS clinicians, and GPs all expressed the need for a patient-friendly individualised summary of the FLS consultation, to facilitate consistent information across services and reinforce FLS messaging. This finding informed development of the iFraP Bone Health Record, an individualised, easy-read PDF print-out of the iFraP DA. FLS clinicians identified training needs relating to communicating risk, involving patients in decisions and clinical decision-making. Barriers to use included concerns that the DA would increase consultation duration, and that SDM may undermine their goal to facilitate medicine adherence. Identified barriers to use and training needs informed the content and delivery of the interactive eLearning and role play session, with consideration of theoretically-informed behaviour change techniques. Conclusion The iFraP complex intervention development work demonstrates the use of multiple methods to develop an evidence-based and theoretically-driven intervention in-preparation for testing. Disclosure L. Bullock: None. J. Fleming: None. E.M. Clark: None. S. Leyland: None. S. Thomas: Grants/research support; ST owns Prescribing Decision Support Ltd that developed the iFraP decision aid. C. Gidlow: None. T.W. O'Neill: Grants/research support; TON is supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. C.P. Iglesias-Urrutia: None. A. Hawarden: Grants/research support; AH is funded by a Versus Arthritis Clinical Research Fellowship (reference 22726). F. Manning: None. J. Protheroe: None. J. Lefroy: None. S. Ryan: None. R. Horne: None. C.D. Mallen: Grants/research support; CM is funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands and the NIHR School for Primary Care Research. C. Jinks: Grants/research support; CJ is part funded by NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) West Midlands. Z. Paskins: Consultancies; ZP has received consultancy fees from UCB Pharma. Grants/research support; ZP is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [Clinician Scientist Award (CS-2018-18-ST2-010)/NIHR Academy].

LMR: A software for modeling and reverse optimization of straight-core lossy mode resonance (LMR) based sensors

Lossy mode resonance (LMR) is a physical phenomenon recently exploited for fiber optic sensing. LMR-based devices are widely used for detecting refractive index variation, humidity, pH (acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution), chemical or biological species, gases, or even voltage. Two main types of geometries can be distinguished: prism-based and waveguide-based. In both cases, however, the manufacture and prototype development of the sensor require exact and expensive technology. Therefore, reliable and fast modeling of these devices is desired to reduce the costs of their investigation, design, and production. LMR is an R-toolbox for simulating LMR sensors of straight-core geometry (the most common waveguide-based type). The mathematical model is based mainly on geometrical optics, while the equations of classical electromagnetism and the transfer matrix method were used to determine the reflection coefficients from stratified media. This combined approach is why we call this model hybrid. It may seem simple, but it is perfectly sufficient to predict the most important parameters of the sensor. The results of calculations were experimentally verified in many works. The package allows one to load up to 8 layers in the sensing region and provides access to the material database. The researcher can use the dependencies contained therein to describe the complex refractive index as a function of the wavelength of a given material or use his own data. Another essential feature of the package is reverse optimization capability. The applied genetic algorithm (GA) allows the design of a sensor with a given transmission spectral characteristics. Using the program is facilitated by an intuitive graphical interface. The final result is the transmission of the optical fiber in decibels versus the wavelength.

Sustainable prototype with IoT implementation for remote monitoring of Apis mellifera apiaries in maya regions of Campeche, Mexico

Currently, beekeeping activities are being abandoned in the Camino Real region, which encompasses the communities of Tenabo, Hecelchakán, Dzitbalché and Calkiní, where the Tren Maya railroad lines cross, impacting indigenous beekeepers by modifying the land usage of the territory in section 2, presenting great deficiencies in these practices that are fundamental for the economy of families. This article proposes the design of an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring station prototype, which will measure the following variables: humidity, indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, average population and whether the box is open or closed; the information will be acquired by sensors and sent to an ESP32 microcontroller. Three essential components are required for its operation: Installation of a LAN Network, development of the IoT prototype and the Mobile Application. The purpose of the study is to design and deploy the prototype in Apis Mellifera Apiaries using a quasi-experimental and descriptive methodology, destined to improve the production of apiaries in the northern region of the state of Campeche, providing beekeepers with timely information of the hives for effective decision making.

Prototyping a Reusable Sentiment Analysis Tool for Machine Learning and Visualization

Evaluating customer satisfaction is very significant in all organizations to get the perspective of users/customers/stakeholders on products and/or services. Part of the data obtained during the evaluation are observations and comments of respondents and these are very rich in insights as they provide information on the strengths as well as the areas needing improvement. As the volume of textual data increases, the difficulty of analyzing them manually also increases. With these concerns, text analytics tools should be used to save time and effort in analyzing and interpreting the data. The textual data being processed in sentiment analysis problems vary in so many ways. For instance, the context of textual data and the language used vary when data are sourced from different locations and areas or fields. Thus, machine learning was utilized in this study to customize text analysis depending on the context and language used in the dataset. This research aimed to produce a prototype that can be used to explore three vectorization techniques and selected machine learning algorithms. The prototype was evaluated in the context of features for the application of machine learning in sentiment analysis. Results of the prototype development and the feedback and suggestions during the evaluation were presented. In future work, the prototype shall be improved, and the evaluators' feedback will be considered.